1215 – The Fourth Lateran Council meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of Christ.
Transubstantiation (in Latin, transsubstantiatio, in Greek μετουσίωσις metousiosis) is, according to the teachings of the Catholic Church, the change of substance by which the bread and wine offered in the sacrifice of the sacrament of the Eucharist during the Mass, become, in reality, the body and blood of Jesus.
The Catholic Church teaches that the substance, or essence, of the Eucharistic offering is changed into both the body and blood of Christ.[1] Belief in this doctrine was made obligatory by the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215, and was later challenged by various 15th century reformers—John Wycliffe in particular.[2]
The manner in which the change occurs, the Catholic Church teaches, is a mystery: “The signs of bread and wine become, in a way surpassing understanding, the Body and Blood of Christ.”[3]:1333 The precise terminology to be used to refer to the nature of the Eucharist, and its theological implications, has a contentious history especially in the Protestant Reformation.[4]
In the Greek Orthodox Church, the doctrine has been discussed under the term of metousiosis, coined as a direct loan-translation of transsubstantiatio in the 17th century. In Eastern Orthodoxy in general, the Sacred Mystery (Sacrament) of the Eucharist is more commonly discussed using alternative terms such as “trans-elementation” (μεταστοιχείωσις, metastoicheiosis), “re-ordination” (μεταρρύθμισις, metarrhythmisis), or simply “change” (μεταβολή, metabole).
1895 – Wealthy Babcock, American mathematician and academic (d. 1990)
Wealthy Consuelo Babcock (November 11, 1895 – April 10, 1990) was an American mathematician. She was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Kansas and had a long teaching career at that institution.[1]
Early life and education
Wealthy Consuelo Babcock was born in Washington County, Kansas, the second child of Ella Babcock (nee, Kerr) and Cassius Lincoln Babcock. She graduated in 1913 from Washington County High School and taught for two years in one-room country schools in Washington County. The following year, she matriculated at the University of Kansas where she was a member of the women’s basketball team. After receiving her Bachelor of Arts in 1919, she taught for a year at Neodesha High School in southeastern Kansas. She then returned to the University of Kansas in 1920 as an instructor.
Career at the University of Kansas
In addition to teaching at the University, Wealthy pursued her graduate studies, earning a master’s in 1922 and a doctorate with a minor in physics in 1926. She was promoted to assistant professor in 1926 and to associate professor in 1940. She retired in 1966. During her tenure on the Kansas faculty, she regularly attended meetings of the Kansas Section of the Mathematical Association of America.
She was an outstanding teacher and for thirty years she was the mathematics department’s librarian.[2]
Last Years
After her retirement, Wealthy Babcock was honored by the dedication of the Wealthy Babcock Mathematics Library. She served on many committees on scholarships and awards and was particularly active in the KU Alumni Association’s activities, for which she received the Fred Ellsworth Medallion, the highest award for service, in 1977.
Wealthy Babcock died in 1990 at ninety-four at Presbyterian Manor in Lawrence, Kansas. She was cremated and interred in the Pioneer Cemetery on the campus of the university.[3]
By Ross Rubin: 40 Years Of Simon, The Electronic Game That Never Stops Reinventing Itself
A Florida school is turning kids’ backpacks into bulletproof shields
Alex Cejas, a father at Florida Christian School, runs Applied Fiber Concepts, a body armor company. The Miami Herald reports that he outfitted his own kids with the soft armor backpack plates, which weigh under a pound, and made a deal to offer them to other interested families. A number of body armor companies also sell armored backpacks, the public radio program Marketplace has reported. One company, called Lifeshield Technologies, offers a “bulletproof backpack” for both kids and adults, complete with a cell phone or tablet compartment.
Anthony Bourdain Is Telling The Story Of America’s First Celebrity Chef
So Dad doesn’t think it’s that a big a deal his son’s a theif?~~ Great comments on this story!
By Chris Thompson: Middle Ball Child Left Behind In China After Alleged Shoplifting
The elder Ball—who, along with youngest Ball child LaMelo, was traveling in China with UCLA—is apparently taking the international legal troubles of his middle son in stride:
As he was leaving the hotel later Wednesday, LaVar said: “I’m going to wait until I get some more intel on what’s going on, and then I can tell you what’s up.”
Asked if he was worried about LiAngelo, LaVar said, “He’ll be fine. He’ll be fine. Everybody making it a big deal. It ain’t that big of a deal.”
By Andrew Liszewski: A Drone Captured This Hypnotic Timelapse Footage by Flying in Giant Circles
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By Katie Rife: R.I.P. Fred Cole, Dead Moon and Pierced Arrows frontman
After relocating to Portland in the mid-’60s, Cole met his future wife, Kathleen “Toody” Conner, when she was working the door at a local venue. They married in 1967, and spent the next two decades in Alaska and the Portland suburb of Clackamas, Oregon, raising their three children and forming various bands.
BY MyEye4DIY: Cozy Couch Edition: How to Make a Sofa Arm Tray & Pom Pom Blanket
By Chris Rakow: What we’re doing to support veterans
Before leading Google’s Global Security team, I was proud to serve as a member of the Navy SEALS. There are some great similarities between the military and our company. In both organizations, people genuinely appreciate each other’s skills and talents, and we’re all focused on delivering toward a mission.
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By Gary Price: Case Study: “Examining the Role of MEDLINE as a Patient Care Information Resource: an Analysis of Data From the Value of Libraries Study”
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wikimedia
- Wikimedia Commons picture of the day for December 28 December 28, 2024Picture of the day Satellite picture of the Etna volcano erupting in eastern Sicily (Italy) in December 2018.
- Wikimedia Commons picture of the day for December 27 December 27, 2024Picture of the day The Seehornsee in the Berchtesgaden Alps. On the right the normal route to the Seehorn.
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