Word of the day
- lenient November 24, 2024Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for November 24, 2024 is: lenient • \LEEN-yunt\ • adjective Someone or something described as lenient is not harsh, severe, or strict. In other words, they allow a lot of freedom and leeway, and do not punish or correct in a strong way. // The teacher was lenient in her […]Merriam-Webster
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On This Day
A sit-down strike is a labor strike and a form of civil disobedience in which an organized group of workers, usually employed at factories or other centralized locations, take unauthorized or illegal possession of the workplace by “sitting down” at their stations. The attraction for workers of a sit-down strike is that the practice prevents employers from replacing them with strikebreakers or removing equipment to transfer production to other locations. Neal Ascherson has commented that an additional attraction of the practice is that it emphasises the role of workers in providing for the people, and allows workers to in effect hold valuable machinery hostage as a bargaining chip.[1]
Workers have used this technique since the beginning of the 20th century in countries such as United States, Italy, Poland, Yugoslavia, and France. However, sit-down strikes are now uncommon.
Notable examples
The radical syndicalist group Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) were the first American union to use the sit-down strike. On December 10, 1906, at the General Electric Works in Schenectady, New York, 3,000 workers sat down on the job and stopped production to protest the dismissal of three fellow IWW members.[2][3] The three fired IWW members were ultimately rehired.[4]
The United Auto Workers staged successful[clarification needed] sit-down strikes in the 1930s, most famously in the Flint Sit-Down Strike of 1936-1937. In Flint, Michigan, strikers occupied several General Motors plants for more than forty days, and repelled the efforts of the police and National Guard to retake them. A wave of sit-down strikes followed, but diminished by the end of the decade as the courts and the National Labor Relations Board held that sit-down strikes were illegal and sit-down strikers could be fired (see the 1939 Supreme Court ruling in NLRB v. Fansteel Metallurgical Corp.). While some sit-down strikes still occur in the United States, they tend to be spontaneous and short-lived.
French workers engaged in a number of factory occupations in the wake of the French student revolt in May 1968. At one point more than twenty-five percent of French workers were on strike, many of them occupying their factories.[citation needed]
In 1973, the workers at the Triumph Motorcycles factory at Meriden, West Midlands locked the new owners, NVT, out following the announcement of their plan to close Meriden. The sit-in lasted over a year until the British government intervened, the result of which was the formation of the Meriden Motorcycle Co-operative which produced Triumphs until their closure in 1983.[citation needed]
The sit-down strike was the inspiration for the sit-in, where an organized group of protesters would occupy an area in which they are not wanted by sitting and refuse to leave until their demands are met.
See also
Timeline of labor issues and events
Born On This Day
1859 – Bertha Pappenheim, Austrian-German activist and author (d. 1936)
Bertha Pappenheim (February 27, 1859 – May 28, 1936) was an Austrian-Jewish feminist, a social pioneer, and the founder of the Jewish Women’s Association (Jüdischer Frauenbund). Under the pseudonym Anna O., she was also one of Josef Breuer’s best documented patients because of Freud’s writing on Breuer’s case.
Biography
Youth
Bertha Pappenheim was born on 27 February 1859 in Vienna as the third daughter of Siegmund Pappenheim and Recha Pappenheim. Her father Sigmund, (1824–1881) a merchant, was the son of an Orthodox Jewish family from Preßburg (today’s Bratislava, Slovakia), then Austria-Hungary and was the cofounder of the Orthodox Schiffschul in Vienna; the family name alludes to the Franconian town of Pappenheim. Her mother Recha, née Goldschmidt (1830–1905), was from Frankfurt am Main. Her mother came from an old and wealthy Frankfurt family. As “just another daughter” in a strictly traditional Jewish household, Bertha was conscious that her parents would have preferred a male child. Kaplan, M. A. (1979).[1] Both families came from traditional Jewish marriage views and had roots in Orthodox Judaism. Bertha was raised in the style of well-bred young ladies of good class. She attended a Roman Catholic girls’ school and led a life structured by the Jewish holiday calendar and summer vacations in Ischl.
When she was 8 years old her oldest sister Henriette (1849–1867) died of “galloping consumption.”[2] When she was 11 the family moved from Vienna’s Leopoldstadt, which was primarily inhabited by poverty-ridden Jews, to Liechtensteinstraße in the 9th District Alsergrund. She left school when she was sixteen, devoted herself to needlework and helped her mother with the kosher preparation of their food. Her 18-month-younger brother Wilhelm (1860–1937) was meanwhile attending high school, which made Bertha intensely jealous.[3]
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wikimedia
- Wikimedia Commons picture of the day for November 25 November 25, 2024Picture of the day Papaya fruits in a grocery store. Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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