FYI February 12, 2018

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On This Day

1593 – Japanese invasion of Korea: Approximately 3,000 Joseon defenders led by general Kwon Yul successfully repel more than 30,000 Japanese forces in the Siege of Haengju.

The Japanese invasions of Korea comprised two separate yet linked operations: an initial invasion in 1592, a brief truce in 1596, and a second invasion in 1597. The conflict ended in 1598 with the withdrawal of the Japanese forces[1][2] from the Korean Peninsula after a military stalemate[3] in Korea’s southern coastal provinces.[20]

The invasions were launched by Toyotomi Hideyoshi with the intent of conquering the Korean Peninsula and China, which were ruled by the Joseon and by the Ming dynasty, respectively. Japan quickly succeeded in occupying large portions of the Korean Peninsula, but the contribution of reinforcements by the Ming,[21][22][23] as well as the disruption of Japanese supply fleets along the western and southern coasts by the Joseon Navy[24][25][26][27][28] forced a withdrawal of Japanese forces from Pyongyang and the northern provinces to the south, where the Japanese continued to occupy Hanseong (now Seoul) and the southeastern regions. Afterwards, with guerrilla warfare waged against the Japanese with righteous armies (Joseon civilian militias)[29] and supply difficulties hampering both sides, neither the Japanese nor the combined Ming and Joseon forces were able to mount a successful offensive or gain any additional territory, resulting in a military stalemate in the areas between Hanseong and Kaesong. The first phase of the invasion lasted from 1592 until 1596, and was followed by ultimately unsuccessful peace negotiations between Japan and the Ming between 1596 and 1597.

In 1597, Japan renewed its offensive by invading Korea a second time. The pattern of the second invasion largely mirrored that of the first. The Japanese had initial successes on land, capturing several cities and fortresses, only to be halted and forced to withdraw to the southern coastal regions of the peninsula. The pursuing Ming and Joseon forces, however, were unable to dislodge the Japanese from their remaining fortresses and entrenched positions in the southern coastal areas,[30][31][32] where both sides again became locked in a ten-month long military stalemate.

With Hideyoshi’s death in 1598, limited progress on land, and continued disruption of supply lines by the Joseon navy, the Japanese forces in Korea were ordered to withdraw back to Japan by the new governing Council of Five Elders. Final peace negotiations between the parties followed afterwards and continued for several years, ultimately resulting in the normalization of relations.[33]

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Born On This Day

1788 – Carl Reichenbach, German chemist and philosopher (d. 1869)
Baron Dr. Carl (Karl) Ludwig von Reichenbach (full name: Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Reichenbach) (February 12, 1788 – January 1869) was a notable chemist, geologist, metallurgist, naturalist, industrialist and philosopher, and a member of the prestigious Prussian Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his discoveries of several chemical products of economic importance, extracted from tar, such as eupione, waxy paraffin, pittacal (the first synthetic dye) and phenol (an antiseptic). He also dedicated himself in his last years to research an unproved field of energy combining electricity, magnetism and heat, emanating from all living things, which he called the Odic force.[1]

Life
Reichenbach was educated at the University of Tübingen, where he obtained the degree of doctor of philosophy. At the age of 16 he conceived the idea of establishing a new German state in one of the South Sea Islands, and for five years he devoted himself to this project.

Afterwards, directing his attention to the application of science to the industrial arts, he visited manufacturing and metallurgical works in France and Germany, and established the first modern metallurgical company, with forges of his own in Villingen and Hausach in the Black Forest region of Southern Germany and later in Baden.

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FYI

By Emma Roller: Jeff Sessions Let His Racism Peek Through a Little More Than He May Have Intended To
On Monday, Attorney General Jeff Sessions addressed a gathering of the nation’s sheriffs, where he once again committed to his job of making subtext text.

Sessions was speaking before the National Sheriffs Association, a trade association representing roughly 20,000 law enforcement officials across the country.

“The office of Sheriff is a critical part of the Anglo-American heritage of law enforcement,” Sessions told the conference attendees. “We must never erode this historic office.”
 
 
 
 
By Ari Phillips: Ryan Zinke Is Actually Trying to Improve Public Lands For a Change
 
 
 
 
By Brenden Seibel: He showed up to photography school before he owned a camera; now his work can be seen in galleries.
 
 
 
 
Seth’s Blog: What motivates you to take action?
What motivates you to take action?

School taught us to answer a simple question, “will this be on the test?” If the answer is no, we’ve got no time for it.

Work taught us to fear the boss and the review and our performance ranking. And we are motivated to do the work if we get paid for it, because, after all, that’s why we call it work. Do the least, because you’re always going to get asked to do more.
 
 
 
 

By Gary Price: Electronic Frontier Foundation Posts The John Perry Barlow Library (A Collection of His Writings & Documents About Him) Electronic Frontier Foundation Posts The John Perry Barlow Library (A Collection of His Writings & Documents About Him)
 
 
 
 
Charity Water On The Importance Of Storytelling
 
 
 
 
By Lydia Dishman: “Wear More Lipstick”: What I Heard As My State’s First Female Treasurer
Years before the #MeToo movement gained steam and incited women in all sectors to speak out against harassment, before the 2016 presidential election inspired a wave of women to run for elected office across the U.S., Janet Cowell was working her way up in politics–first as a member of the Raleigh City Council in North Carolina, then as state senator, and later rising to become state treasurer in 2007.
 
 
 
 
By Al Cross: Appalshop arts-and-culture co-op is spotlighted in first installment of new PBS NewsHour series on U.S. artists
Appalshop has helped build a regional support network to encourage economic development, “with more than a dozen businesses and organizations in the area,” Brown reports. When Gwen Johnson’s Hemphill Community Center was in danger of closing because of a decline in coal taxes, “with encouragement and support from Appalshop, including $5,000 in seed money, Johnson was able to start a catering company to help pay the bills,” and it hires inmates from the local drug court. Johnson said of Appalshop, “They’re friends who kind of stepped up to the plate and began to think outside the box, and sometimes they think bigger than some of us have ever been allowed to think.”
 
 
 
 
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