FYI February 18, 2020

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On This Day

1791 – Congress passes a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective 4 March, after that state had existed for 14 years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.
Vermont (/vərˈmɒnt/ (About this soundlisten))[7] is a northeastern U.S. state in the New England region. It borders the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Vermont is the second-smallest by population and the sixth-smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states. The state capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States. The most populous city, Burlington, is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state. Vermont’s crime statistics for the period 2016-8 caused it to be ranked as the safest state in the country.[8][9][10]

For some 12,000 years, indigenous peoples inhabited this area. The historically competitive tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk were active in the area at the time of European encounter.

During the 17th century, French colonists claimed the territory as part of the Kingdom of France’s colony of New France. After the Kingdom of Great Britain began to settle colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast, the two nations competed in North America in addition to Europe. For years, each country enlisted Native American allies in continuous raiding and warfare between the New England and New France colonies. This produced an active trade in captives taken during such raids, often held for ransom, although some captives were adopted by families into the Mohawk or Abenaki tribes.

After being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years’ War, France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain. Thereafter, the nearby British Thirteen Colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed the extent of the area called the New Hampshire Grants to the west of the Connecticut River, encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The Green Mountain Boys militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers against the newly-arrived settlers with land titles granted by New York.

Ultimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the Vermont Republic in 1777 as an independent state during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic abolished slavery before any of the other states.[11][12] Vermont was also the first state to produce an African-American university graduate, Alexander Twilight, in 1823.

Vermont was admitted to the newly established United States as the fourteenth state in 1791. Vermont is one of the four U.S. states that were previously sovereign states (along with Texas, California, and Hawaii).

During the mid-19th century, Vermont was a strong source of abolitionist sentiment, although it was also tied to King Cotton through the development of textile mills in the region, which relied on southern cotton. It sent a significant contingent of soldiers to participate in the American Civil War. In the 21st century, Protestants (30%) and Catholics (22%) make up the majority of those reporting a religious preference, with 37% reporting no religion, the highest rate of irreligion of all states.[13] Other religions individually contribute no more than 2% to the total.

The geography of the state is marked by the Green Mountains, which run north–south up the middle of the state, separating Lake Champlain and other valley terrain on the west from the Connecticut River valley that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested with hardwoods and conifers, and a majority of its open land is devoted to agriculture. The state’s climate is characterized by warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters.

Vermont’s economic activity of $34 billion in 2018 ranked 52nd on the list of U.S. states and territories by GDP (every state plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico were larger), but 34th in GDP per capita. In 1960, Vermonters’ politics started to shift from being reliably Republican toward favoring Democratic candidates. Starting in 1963, Vermont voters have alternated between electing Republican and Democratic governors. Since 2007, Vermont has elected only Democrats and Independents to Congress. In 2000, the state legislature was the first to recognize civil unions for same-sex couples. In 2011–2012, the state officially recognized four Abenaki tribes.

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Born On This Day

1931 – Johnny Hart, American cartoonist, co-created The Wizard of Id (d. 2007)
John Lewis Hart (February 18, 1931 – April 7, 2007) was an American cartoonist noted as the creator of the comic strips B.C. and The Wizard of Id. Brant Parker co-produced and illustrated The Wizard of Id. Hart was recognized with several awards, including the Swedish Adamson Award and five from the National Cartoonists Society. In his later years, he sparked controversy by incorporating overtly Christian themes and messages into the strips.[1] Hart was referred to as “the most widely read Christian of our time,” over C. S. Lewis, Frank E. Peretti, and Billy Graham, by Chuck Colson in a Breakpoint column.[2]

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FYI

The Passive Voice: The biology of love and more ->
 
 
 
 

The Rural Blog: EPA poised to roll back mercury pollution regulation, but power sector isn’t interested; Rural areas find road and bridge upkeep more difficult as traffic grows and trucks get heavier but taxes remain taboo; New liver-transplant rule will mean longer waits for many rural patients, say health-care officials fighting the change and more ->
 
 
 
 
Open Culture: Bob Marley’s Redemption Song Finally Gets an Official Video: Watch the Animated Video Made Up of 2747 Drawings; Watch More Than 400 Classic Korean Films Free Online Thanks to the Korean Film Archive; Bertrand Russell’s Prison Letters Are Now Digitized & Put Online (1918 – 1961) and more ->
 
 
 
 
ILSR’s Community Broadband Networks Initiative: Recently in Community Networks… Week of 2/18

 
 
 
 

Ideas

By Kat Liepins Art: Hydro Dipped Art Supply Storage
 
 
By ellygibson: Crocheted Spare Tire Cover
 
 

Recipes

By ruudecreates: Pulled Jackfruit Sandwich With Avocado Cashew Spread
 
 
Food Network Kitchen: Our Favorite Nacho Recipes

 
 
Food Network Kitchen: Carbonara Fried Rice