FYI February 18, 2021

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On This Day

1791 – Congress passes a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective 4 March, after that state had existed for 14 years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.

Vermont (/vərˈmɒnt/ (About this soundlisten))[7] is a state in the New England region of the United States. It borders the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Vermont is the only state in New England that does not border the Atlantic Ocean. Vermont is the second-least-populated U.S. state and the sixth-smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states. The state capital is Montpelier, the least-populous state capital in the United States. The most-populous city, Burlington, is the least-populous city to be the most-populous city in a state.

For some 12,000 years, indigenous peoples inhabited this area. The historically competitive tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk were active in the area at the time of European encounter.

During the 17th century, French colonists claimed the territory as part of the Kingdom of France’s colony of New France. After the Kingdom of Great Britain began to settle colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast, the two nations competed in North America in addition to Europe. For years, each country enlisted Native American allies in continuous raiding and warfare between the New England and New France colonies. This produced an active trade in captives taken during such raids, often held for ransom, although some captives were adopted by families into the Mohawk or Abenaki tribes.

After being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years’ War, France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain. Thereafter, the nearby British Thirteen Colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed the extent of the area called the New Hampshire Grants to the west of the Connecticut River, encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The Green Mountain Boys militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers against the newly arrived settlers with land titles granted by New York.

Ultimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the Vermont Republic in 1777 as an independent state during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic abolished slavery before any of the other states.[8][9] Vermont also became the first state to produce an African-American university graduate when Alexander Twilight graduated from Middlebury College in 1823.[10]

Vermont was admitted to the newly established United States as the fourteenth state in 1791. Vermont is one of the four U.S. states that were previously sovereign states (along with Texas, California, and Hawaii).

During the mid-19th century, Vermont was a strong source of abolitionist sentiment, although it was also tied to King Cotton through the development of textile mills in the region, which relied on southern cotton. It sent a significant contingent of soldiers to participate in the American Civil War.

The geography of the state is marked by the Green Mountains, which run north–south up the middle of the state, separating Lake Champlain and other valley terrain on the west from the Connecticut River valley that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested with hardwoods and conifers, and a majority of its open land is devoted to agriculture. The state’s climate is characterized by warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters.

Vermont’s economic activity of $34 billion in 2018 ranked 52nd on the list of U.S. states and territories by GDP (every state plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico were larger), but 34th in GDP per capita. In 1960, Vermonters’ politics started to shift from being reliably Republican toward favoring Democratic candidates. Starting in 1963, Vermont voters have alternated between electing Republican and Democratic governors. Since 2007, Vermont has elected only Democrats and independents to Congress. In 2000, the state legislature was the first to recognize civil unions for same-sex couples. In 2011–2012, the state officially recognized four Abenaki tribes.

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Born On This Day

1921 – Mary Amdur, American toxicologist and public health researcher (d. 1998)
Mary Ochsenhirt Amdur (February 18, 1921 – February 16, 1998) was an American toxicologist and public health researcher who worked primarily on pollution. She was charged with studying the effects of the 1948 Donora smog, specifically looking into the effects of inhaling sulfuric acid by experimenting on guinea pigs. Her findings on the respiratory effects related to sulfuric acid led to her being threatened, her funding being pulled, and her losing her job at the Harvard School of Public Health in 1953. Undeterred, she carried on her research in a different role at Harvard, and subsequently at MIT and New York University. Despite the early controversy related to her work, it was used in the creation of standards in air pollution, and towards the end of her life she received numerous awards and accolades.

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FYI

By Daniel Cornwall, Sheldon Jackson Museum, Museums: Sheldon Jackson Museum February 2021 Artifacts of the Month are three Yup’ik spoons
 
 
 
 

By Colin Marshall, Open Culture: Alfred Hitchcock Meets Jorge Luis Borges Borges in Cold War America: Watch Double Take (2009) Free Online
 
 
By Josh Jones, Open Culture: Paul Simon Tells the Story of How He Wrote “Bridge Over Troubled Water” (1970)
 
 
By Colin Marshall, Open Culture: Saint John Coltrane: The San Francisco Church Built On A Love Supreme
 
 
 
 

The Awesomer: Super Mario Song 2; InMotion V11 Electric Unicycle; Wonderwall x Smalltown Boy and more ->
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

Ideas

By secretbeaststudio: Upcycled Tin Foil Flowers
 
 
By Bob-Bee: 3D Printed Bike for Toddler (walking Bike)
 
 
By coldsteel forge: Simple and Easy Tinfoil Rockets
 
 
By jollifactory: A Modern Take on the Phenakistoscope

Recipes

By Giuliacci: One-Po-rridge

By Kathleen | The Fresh Cooky: Easiest Gluten Free Coffee Cake Ever!
 
 
By Sara Tane, The Kitchn: Hot Honey Butter Smashed Potatoes
 
 
By Kardea Brown, The Food Network: Soy Molasses Salmon
 
 
By Chocolate Covered Katie: Keto Chocolate Mousse
 
 
Taste of Home: Contest-Winning Chicken Stir-Fry; 80 Quick Contest-Winning Dinners Ready in 30 Minutes or Less; 100 Contest-Winning Cookie Recipes to Bake Today and more ->
 
 
By betty Crocker Kitchens: Sweet or Savory: Microwave Snacks for Every Craving


 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

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