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On This Day
1940 – The Russo-Finnish Winter War ends.
The Winter War[F 7] was a military conflict between the Soviet Union (USSR) and Finland lasting three and a half months from 1939 to 1940. The war began with the Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, which was three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League.
The Soviet Union sought to obtain parts of Finnish territory, demanding—among other concessions—that Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere, claiming security reasons, primarily the protection of Leningrad, 32 km (20 mi) from the Finnish border. Finland refused and the USSR invaded the country. Many sources conclude that the Soviet Union had intended to conquer all Finland, and use the establishment of the puppet Finnish Communist government and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact’s secret protocols as an evidence of this,[F 8] while other sources argue against the idea of the full Soviet conquest.[F 9] Finland repelled Soviet attacks for more than two months and inflicted substantial losses on the invaders in temperatures down to −43 °C (−45 °F). After reorganisation and adoption of different tactics, the Soviets renewed their offensive and overcame Finnish defenses.
Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded territory representing 11 percent of its land area and 30 percent of its economy to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses were heavy, and the country’s international reputation suffered. Soviet gains exceeded their pre-war demands and the USSR received substantial territory along Lake Ladoga and in Northern Finland. Finland retained its sovereignty and enhanced its international reputation. The poor performance of the Red Army encouraged Adolf Hitler to think that an attack on the Soviet Union would be successful and confirmed negative Western opinions of the Soviet military. After 15 months of Interim Peace, in June 1941, Nazi Germany commenced Operation Barbarossa and the Continuation War between Finland and the USSR began.
Born On This Day
1942 – Dave Cutler, American computer scientist and engineer
David Neil “Dave” Cutler, Sr. (born March 13, 1942) is an American software engineer, a designer, and a developer of several operating systems in the computer industry. These operating systems are Microsoft Windows NT, and Digital Equipment Corporation: RSX-11M, VAXELN, VMS (now OpenVMS).[1]
Personal history
Cutler was born in Lansing, Michigan and grew up in DeWitt, Michigan. After graduating from Olivet College, Michigan, in 1965, he went to work for DuPont.
Cutler holds at least 20 patents, and is an Affiliate Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Washington.[2]
Cutler is an avid auto racing driver. He competed in the Atlantic Championship from 1996 to 2002, scoring a career best of 8th on the Milwaukee Mile in 2000.[1]
Cutler is a member of Adelphic Alpha Pi Fraternity at Olivet College, Michigan.[citation needed]
DuPont (1965 to 1971)
Cutler’s first exposure to computers came when he was tasked to perform a computer simulations model for one of DuPont’s customers using IBM’s GPSS-3 language on an IBM model 7044.[3] This work led to an interest in how computers and their operating systems worked.
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