FYI October 04, 2019

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On This Day

1927 – Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is centered on a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills in Keystone, South Dakota. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum created the sculpture’s design and oversaw the project’s execution from 1927 to 1941 with the help of his son Lincoln Borglum.[2][3] The sculpture features the 60-foot (18 m) heads of Presidents George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865).[4] The four presidents were chosen to represent the nation’s birth, growth, development, and preservation, respectively.[5] The memorial park covers 1,278.45 acres (2.00 sq mi; 5.17 km2)[6] and is 5,725 feet (1,745 m) above sea level.[7]

South Dakota historian Doane Robinson is credited with conceiving the idea of carving the likenesses of famous people into the Black Hills region of South Dakota in order to promote tourism in the region. His initial idea was to sculpt the Needles; however, Gutzon Borglum rejected the Needles because of the poor quality of the granite and strong opposition from Native American groups. They settled on Mount Rushmore, which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum sun exposure. Robinson wanted it to feature American West heroes such as Lewis and Clark, Red Cloud,[8] and Buffalo Bill Cody,[9] but Borglum decided that the sculpture should have broader appeal and chose the four presidents.

US Senator from South Dakota Peter Norbeck sponsored the project and secured federal funding;[10] construction began in 1927, and the presidents’ faces were completed between 1934 and 1939. Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, and his son Lincoln took over as leader of the construction project. Each president was originally to be depicted from head to waist, but lack of funding forced construction to end on October 31, 1941.[11]

Sometimes referred to as the “Shrine of Democracy”,[12][13] Mount Rushmore attracts more than two million visitors annually.[1]

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Born On This Day

1759 – Louis François Antoine Arbogast, French mathematician and academic (d. 1803)
Louis François Antoine Arbogast (4 October 1759 – 8[1] April 1803) was a French mathematician. He was born at Mutzig in Alsace and died at Strasbourg, where he was professor. He wrote on series and the derivatives known by his name: he was the first writer to separate the symbols of operation from those of quantity, introducing systematically the operator notation DF for the derivative of the function F[3]. In 1800, he published a calculus treatise[4] where the first known[5] statement of what is currently known as Faà di Bruno’s formula appears, 55 years before the first published paper[6] of Francesco Faà di Bruno on that topic.

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FYI

By Mike Barnes, Hollywood Reporter: Diahann Carroll, Pioneering Actress on ‘Julia’ and ‘Dynasty,’ Dies at 84

Diahann Carroll (/daɪˈæn/; born Carol Diahann Johnson; July 17, 1935 – October 4, 2019) was an American actress, singer, and model. She rose to stardom in performances in some of the earliest major studio films to feature black casts, including Carmen Jones in 1954 and Porgy and Bess in 1959. In 1962, Carroll won a Tony Award for best actress, a first for a black woman, for her role in the Broadway musical No Strings.

Her 1968 debut in Julia, the first series on American television to star a black woman in a nonstereotypical role, was a milestone both in her career and the medium. In the 1980s she played the role of a mixed-race diva in the primetime soap opera Dynasty.

Carroll was the recipient of numerous stage and screen nominations and awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress In A Television Series in 1968. She received an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination for the 1974 film Claudine. She was also a breast cancer survivor and activist.

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Emma Tenayuca and the San Antonio Pecan Shellers Strike of 1938
 
 
 
 
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By Darius Foroux: The 7 Best Books I’ve Ever Read About Writing Advice on everyday writing from a few of the people who’ve done it best.

 
 
 
 
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Recipes

Coleen’s Recipes: EASY ITALIAN SAUSAGE
 
 
Coleen’s Recipes: BROCCOLI and BACON SALAD
 
 
Coleen’s Recipes: EASY CHOCOLATE MOUSSE
 
 
Coleen’s Recipes: MAGIC CUPCAKES (cheater recipe)
 
 
Coleen’s Recipes: CHOCOLATE-PECAN ICE CREAM CUPS