On This Day
1969 – The first-ever computer-to-computer link is established on ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet.
he ARPANET (short for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was the first wide-area packet-switching network with distributed control and one of the first networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was established by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.[1]
Building on the ideas of J. C. R. Licklider, Bob Taylor initiated the ARPANET project in 1966 to enable access to remote computers.[2] Taylor appointed Larry Roberts as program manager. Roberts made the key decisions about the network design.[3] He incorporated Donald Davies’ concepts and designs for packet switching,[4] and sought input from Paul Baran.[5] ARPA awarded the contract to build the network to Bolt Beranek & Newman who developed the first protocol for the network.[6] Roberts engaged Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA to develop mathematical methods for analyzing the packet network technology.[5]
The first computers were connected in 1969 and the Network Control Program was implemented in 1970.[7][8] Further software development enabled remote login, file transfer and email.[9] The network expanded rapidly and was declared operational in 1975 when control passed to the Defense Communications Agency.
Internetworking research in the early 1970s by Bob Kahn at DARPA and Vint Cerf at Stanford University and later DARPA led to the formulation of the Transmission Control Program,[10] which incorporated concepts from the French CYCLADES project directed by Louis Pouzin.[11] As this work progressed, a protocol was developed by which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks. Version 4 of TCP/IP was installed in the ARPANET for production use in January 1983 after the Department of Defense made it standard for all military computer networking.[12][13]
Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981, when the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the Computer Science Network (CSNET). In the early 1980s, the NSF funded the establishment of national supercomputing centers at several universities, and provided network access and network interconnectivity with the NSFNET project in 1986. The ARPANET project was formally decommissioned in 1990, after partnerships with the telecommunication and computer industry paved the way for future commercialization of a new world-wide network, known as the Internet.[14]
Born On This Day
1837 – Harriet Powers, American folk artist and quilter (d. 1910)[12]
Harriet Powers (October 29, 1837 – January 1, 1910)[1] was an American folk artist, and quilt maker. She was born into slavery in rural Georgia. She used traditional appliqué techniques to record local legends, Bible stories, and astronomical events on her quilts. Only two of her quilts are known to have survived: Bible Quilt 1886 and Pictorial Quilt 1898. Her quilts are considered among the finest examples of nineteenth-century Southern quilting.[2] Her work is on display at the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C., and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts.
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FYI
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Ideas
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Recipes
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Stump the Bookseller is a service offered by Loganberry Books to reconnect people to the books they love but can’t quite remember. In brief (for more detailed information see our About page), people can post their memories here, and the hivemind goes to work. After all, the collective mind of bibliophiles, readers, parents and librarians around the world is much better than just a few of us thinking. Together with these wonderful Stumper Magicians, we have a nearly 50% success rate in finding these long lost but treasured books. The more concrete the book description, the better the success rate, of course. It is a labor of love to keep it going, and there is a modest fee. Please see the How To page to find price information and details on how to submit your Book Stumper and payment.
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