Category: Hi-Jacked Threads

1835 – The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
The Battle of Gonzales was the first military engagement of the Texas Revolution. It was fought near Gonzales, Texas, on October 2, 1835, between rebellious Texian settlers and a detachment of Mexican army soldiers .

In 1831, Mexican authorities gave the settlers of Gonzales a small cannon to help protect them from frequent Comanche raids. Over the next four years, the political situation in Mexico deteriorated, and in 1835 several states revolted. As the unrest spread, Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea, the commander of all Mexican troops in Texas, felt it unwise to leave the residents of Gonzales with a weapon and requested the return of the cannon.

When the initial request was refused, Ugartechea sent 100 dragoons to retrieve the cannon. The soldiers neared Gonzales on September 29, but the colonists used a variety of excuses to keep them from the town, while secretly sending messengers to request assistance from nearby communities. Within two days, up to 140 Texians gathered in Gonzales, all determined not to give up the cannon. On October 1, settlers voted to initiate a fight. Mexican soldiers opened fire as Texians approached their camp in the early hours of October 2. After several hours of desultory firing, the Mexican soldiers withdrew.[1]

Although the skirmish had little military significance, it marked a clear break between the colonists and the Mexican government and is considered to have been the start of the Texas Revolution. News of the skirmish spread throughout the United States, where it was often referred to as the “Lexington of Texas”. The cannon’s fate is disputed. It may have been buried and rediscovered in 1936, or it may have been seized by Mexican troops after the Battle of the Alamo.

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1871 – Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author (d. 1959)
Martha Brookes Hutcheson (October 2, 1871 – 1959) was an American landscape architect, lecturer, and author, active in New England, New York, and New Jersey.

Biography
Hutcheson was born in New York City as Martha Brookes Brown, and as a child spent her summers on a family farm near Burlington, Vermont. From 1893-1895 she studied at the New York School of Applied Design for Women, and in the late 1890s toured Europe where she studied gardens in England, France, and Italy. As Hutcheson later wrote in The Spirit of the Garden:

About 1898, one day I saw the grounds of Bellevue Hospital in New York, on which nothing was planted, and was overcome with the terrible waste of opportunity for beauty which was not being given to the hundreds of patients who could see it or go to it, in convalescence. In trying to find out how I could get in touch with such authorities as those who might allow me to plant the area of ground, I stumbled upon the fact that my aim would be politically impossible, but that there was a course in Landscape Architecture being formed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the first course which America had ever held.

In 1900 she entered MIT’s new landscape architecture program at age 29, where she studied for two years before leaving without degree in 1902. She subsequently designed the grounds of several residential estates near Boston, most notably Frederick Moseley’s large Newburyport estate, 1904-1906 (now Maudslay State Park), and the garden at Alice Mary Longfellow’s house (now the Longfellow House–Washington’s Headquarters National Historic Site) in Cambridge.

After Hutcheson’s marriage in 1911, she retired from commercial practice but she began to landscape her own garden (5 acres) on the couple’s 100-acre (0.40 km2) farm in Gladstone, New Jersey. Its overall design was influenced by classical Italian gardens, featuring a pond enclosed by native plants, vegetable garden, flower borders, orchards, allées, and farm buildings. This farm, with garden, is now preserved as the Bamboo Brook Outdoor Education Center.

In 1935 she was named a fellow in the American Society of Landscape Architects, the third woman to receive this distinction. Although Hutcheson executed dozens of commissions, including gardens at Bennington College and Billings Farm (now the Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park), most of her works have been lost.

Selected works
The Spirit of the Garden, 1923, reprinted by University of Massachusetts Press, 2001. ISBN 1-55849-272-0.

By Brittany Tarwater: WATCH: Pigeon Forge mayor and family carpool karaoke to Dolly Parton
 
 
 
 
Library Archive Canada‏ Women’s History Month
 
 
 
 
By Gary Price: VIDEO: Demo of Fulcrum E-Reader, Part of New Publishing Platform From Michigan Publishing, Now Online
 
 
 
 

One bullet.

Sure, his victim wants it to be over. This has been dragging on way to long and it is continually brought up-salt in the wound.
By Aimée Lutkin: Roman Polanski on Rape: ‘As Far As What I Did, It’s Over’
 
 
 
 

By David Tracy: This Guy Has Been Living In A Six-Wheel Geo Metro Camper For A Year
 
 
 
 
By Bryan Menegus: Couple Grifts Amazon Out of $1.2 Million in Electronics
The husband and wife duo scored “GoPro digital cameras, Microsoft Xboxes, Samsung smartwatches, and Microsoft Surface tablets” according to a Department of Justice press release from when they (and an alleged “fence” named Danijel Glumac) were charged in May. More recently, the Finans pleaded guilty, and now each face a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison.
 
 
 
 
By Anika Burgess: In Belarus, the Ancient Tradition of Healing Whispers Slowly Disappears
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
By Heather Chapman: VA proposes rule to increase tele-medicine access for rural veterans, across state lines
 
 
 
 
By Ron Onrust: From Double Decker Bus to RV in 20 Steps

 
 
 
 
By Shawna Bailey: Unclog a Toilet Without a Plunger
 
 
 
 
Shep McAllister’s Deals
 
 
By Erica Offutt: Monday’s Top Deals: Instant Pot, Anker DashCam, Discounted Mattresses, and More

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1903 – The new Gresham’s School is officially opened by Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood.
Gresham’s School is an independent coeducational boarding school in Holt in Norfolk, England. Gresham’s School is one of the top 30 IB schools in England.[1]

The school was founded in 1555 by Sir John Gresham as a free grammar school for forty boys, following King Henry VIII’s dissolution of the Augustinian priory at Beeston Regis. The founder left the school’s endowments in the hands of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers of the City of London, who are still the school’s trustees.

In the 1890s, an increase in the rental income of property in the City of London led to a major expansion of the school, which built many new buildings on land it owned on the eastern edge of Holt, including several new boarding houses as well as new teaching buildings, library and chapel.

Gresham’s began to admit girls in the mid-1970s and is now fully co-educational. As well as its senior school, it operates a preparatory and a Pre-Prep school, the latter now in the Old School House, the original senior school. Altogether, the three schools teach about eight hundred children.

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1832 – Ann Jarvis, American activist, co-founded Mother’s Day (d. 1905)
Ann Maria Reeves Jarvis (September 30, 1832 in Culpeper, Virginia – May 9, 1905 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a social activist and community organizer during the American Civil War era. She is recognized as the mother who inspired Mother’s Day and as a founder of Mother’s Day movements, and her daughter, Anna Marie Jarvis (1864–1948), is recognized as the founder of the Mother’s Day holiday in the United States.

Biography
Ann Marie Reeves Jarvis was born in Culpeper, Virginia, on September 30, 1832, the daughter of Josiah Washington Reeves and Nancy Kemper Reeves.[1] Ann Reeves Jarvis moved to Philippi, Barbour County, (West) Virginia with her family when her father, a Methodist minister, was transferred to a church in that town.[2] In 1850, Ann Reeves married Granville Jarvis, the son of a Baptist minister, who became a successful merchant in nearby Taylor County.[3] Two years later, in 1852, the couple moved to Webster, where Granville Jarvis established a mercantile business.[4]

The Jarvis family, like many families during the mid-1800s, experienced frequent tragedy and loss. Jarvis bore between eleven and thirteen children over the course of seventeen years. Of these children, only four survived to adulthood. The others died of diseases such as the measles, typhoid fever, and diphtheria epidemics common in Appalachian communities in Taylor County. These losses inspired Jarvis to take action to help her community combat childhood diseases and unsanitary conditions.[5]

Mrs. Jarvis was a dynamic woman who saw needs in her community and found ways to meet them. In 1858, while pregnant with her sixth child, Jarvis began Mothers’ Day Work Clubs in the towns of Grafton, Pruntytown, Philippi, Fetterman, and Webster to improve health and sanitary conditions. She and other area women joined a growing public health movement in the United States.[6] Jarvis’ clubs sought to provide assistance and education to families in order to reduce disease and infant mortality. These clubs raised money to buy medicine and to hire women to work in families where the mother suffered from tuberculosis or other health problems. They developed programs to inspect milk long before there were state requirements. Club members visited households to educate mothers and their families about improving sanitation and overall health. The clubs benefited from the advice of Jarvis’ brother, Dr. James Reeves, who was known for his work in the typhoid fever epidemics in northwestern Virginia.[7]

During the American Civil War (1861-1865), sentiment in western Virginia was sharply divided between north and south. In 1863, this culminated when the western part of the state broke away from Virginia and formed the new state of West Virginia, which was loyal to the Union. Western Virginia became the location of some of the first conflicts of the Civil War. Jarvis’ Mothers’ Day Work Clubs altered their mission to meet the changing demands brought about by war. Ann Jarvis urged the clubs to declare neutrality and to provide aid to both Confederate and Union soldiers.[8] Jarvis illustrated her resolve to remain neutral and aid both sides by refusing to support a proposed division of the Methodist Church into a northern and southern branch.[9] Additionally, she reportedly offered a lone prayer for Thornsbury Bailey Brown, the first Union soldier killed by a Confederate in the area, when others refused.[10] Under her guidance, the clubs fed and clothed soldiers from both sides who were stationed in the area. When typhoid fever and measles broke out in the military camps, Jarvis and her club members nursed the suffering soldiers from both sides at the request of a commander.[11]

Jarvis’ efforts to keep the community together continued after the Civil War ended. After the fighting concluded, public officials seeking ways to eliminate post-war strife called on Jarvis to help. She and her club members planned a “Mothers Friendship Day” for soldiers from both sides and their families at the Taylor County Courthouse in Pruntytown to help the healing process. Despite threats of violence, Jarvis successfully staged the event in 1868. She shared with the veterans a message of unity and reconciliation. Bands played “Dixie” and the “Star Spangled Banner” and the event ended with everyone, north and south, joining together to sing “Auld Lang Syne.” This effective and emotional event reduced many to tears. It showed the community that old animosities were destructive and must end.[12]

Near the end of the Civil War, in 1864, the Jarvis family moved to Grafton in order to aid Granville Jarvis’ business ventures as an inn-keeper and land speculator. Ann Reeves Jarvis continued her social activist work. Throughout her life, Jarvis taught Sunday School and was very involved with the Methodist church. In Grafton, Jarvis was involved in the Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church’s construction and subsequently taught Sunday School classes there. She served as superintendent of the Primary Sunday School Department at the church for twenty five years.[13] Jarvis also was a popular speaker and often lectured on subjects ranging from religion, public health, and literature for audiences at local churches and organizations. Her lectures included, “Literature as a Source of Culture and Refinement,” “Great Mothers of the Bible,” “Great Value of Hygiene for Women and Children,” and “The Importance of Supervised Recreational Centers for Boys and Girls.” [14]

Ann Jarvis remained in Grafton until after the death of her husband, Granville, in 1902. After his death, Jarvis moved to Philadelphia to live near her sons and two daughters. Anna Jarvis, her daughter, cared for Ann Reeves Jarvis, whose health steadily declined due to heart problems. Ann Reeves Jarvis died in Philadelphia on May 8, 1905, surrounded by her four surviving children.[15]

Throughout her life, Jarvis strived to honor and help mothers. Her daughter, Anna Marie Jarvis, recalled her praying for someone to start a day to memorialize and honor mothers during a Sunday school lesson in 1876.[16] On the first anniversary of Ann Jarvis’ death, Anna Jarvis met with friends and announced plans for a memorial service remembering her mother for the next year. In May 1907, a private service was held in honor of Ann Jarvis.[17] The following year, in 1908, Anna Jarvis organized the first official observance of Mother’s Day, coming near the anniversary of her mother’s death. Andrews Methodist Church, where Ann Reeves Jarvis taught Sunday School for 25 years, held the first public service on the morning of May 10, 1908. Anna Jarvis did not attend the service, but sent a donation of 500 white carnations for all of those in attendance. In the afternoon, 15,000 people attended another service that Anna Jarvis organized in Philadelphia, held at the Wanamaker Store Auditorium.[18]

In the years following the initial ceremonies, Anna Jarvis’ new holiday gained recognition in many states and spread to a number of foreign countries.[19] Anna Jarvis also embarked on a mission to make Mother’s Day an officially recognized holiday in the United States. She succeeded when, in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson signed a congressional resolution officially making the second Sunday in May the national Mother’s Day and calling for Americans to recognize it by displaying the flag.[20]

By Gary Price: Reference: Hockey: NHL Releases Massive Online Database of Historical Statistics (100 Years of Player, Team, and Game Data)
 
 
 
 
By Brian Lee: 10 Durable Power Banks You Need So No iPhone Is Going To Drain From Now On
 
 
 
 
By Daniel Terdiman: How A Hacker Helped The Coast Guard Rescue Victims Of Hurricane Harvey
 
 
 
 
ByThomas Russell: Closing the cybersecurity gap with military veterans
 
 
 
 
Similar programs for women where you live?
Game design special interest group hosts Halloween game night
The Center of Excellence for Women in Technology’s game design special interest group is hosting a Halloween game night from 5:30-8 p.m. Friday, Oct. 27, at CEWiT House (501 N. Park Ave.). There will be pizza, board games and spooky video games.

Costumes are encouraged, but not required.
 
 
 
 
Google Analytics Solutions: Access all of your data with Data Studio Community Connectors
 
 
 
 
By Tom McKay: SEC Charges Shady ICO Operator With Fraud
 
 
 
 
By Kristen V. Brown: Should Scientists Be Posting Their Work Online Before Peer Review?
 
 
 
 

By Chris Thompson: FAA Gives Pilots Thumbs Up To Fly Rude Banners Over Chargers Home Games
 
 
 
 

By Jason Torchinsky: I Wish Dodge Actually Made The Trucks They Show In This Commercial

 
 
 
 

By Beth Skwarecki: What You Actually Got From Those Back-of-Magazine Ads

 
 
 
 
By Laura Hazard Owen: Bunk aims to set history free with a site that doesn’t feel like a textbook
 
 
 
 
Comments on delivery issues where you live (city and state)?
Reporter rides along with food bank delivery truck, examines one rural county’s food insecurity
“We’ve had three different rushes: First the gold rush, second the timber rush, and now the marijuana rush which is called the green rush,” Corrigan told Morehouse. “The focus has been on other industries and not a food sustainable industry.”
 
 
 
 
By Sara Benincasa: Real Artists Have Day Jobs
When I was 23, I decided to become a high school teacher in order to support myself as a writer. And so I taught high school in the Southwest and no one published anything I wrote, though I tried to convince them it was a good idea.

I was a real writer then.

I was also a real writer when I was a paralegal working at a law firm in Chelsea specializing in immigration for fashion models. I was a real writer when I worked at a publishing company in the South Bronx, in a neighborhood so violent we were required to sign out of work no later than 4 p.m. so that we could reach the subway before nightfall (there had been an assault and a murder a few years back, so the company was cautious). I was a real writer when I worked at a fancy pet boutique on the Upper East Side, where customers spent upwards of $300 on luxurious cat beds and eccentric women came into the shop pushing puppies in prams. I was a real writer when I worked at Planned Parenthood HQ. I was a real writer when I hosted a satellite radio talk show about sex and love and dating five nights a week from 8 to 11 East, 5 to 8 Pacific. I was a real writer when the show got cancelled and I collected unemployment. I was a real writer when I worked at a start-up and I was a real writer when I quit the start-up to write full-time.

I am a real writer now, and I will be a real writer until I die, whether or not I always do this as my full-time job. I have had day jobs in the past and I have no reason to believe I will not have day jobs in the future.

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1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chaffin’s Farm is fought.
The Battle of Chaffin’s Farm and New Market Heights, also known as Laurel Hill and combats at Forts Harrison, Johnson, and Gilmer, was fought in Virginia on September 29–30, 1864, as part of the Siege of Petersburg in the American Civil War.

Background
From the very beginning of the war, Confederate engineers and slave laborers had constructed permanent defenses around Richmond. By 1864, they had created a system anchored south of the capital on the James River at Chaffin’s Farm, a large open area at Chaffin’s Bluff, both named for a local landowner. This outer line was supported by an intermediate and inner system of fortifications much closer to the capital. In July and August 1864, these lines were tested by Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in offensives designed to attack simultaneously north and south of the James.[5]

On July 27–29, the Army of the Potomac’s II Corps under Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock and cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan attacked New Market Heights and Fussell’s Mill in the First Battle of Deep Bottom (named for the section of the James River used for the Union crossing). The attacks failed to break through to threaten Richmond or its railroads, but they did cause Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee to transfer men from the Petersburg fortifications in preparation for the Battle of the Crater on July 31. The Second Battle of Deep Bottom was conducted by Hancock on August 14–20, attacking in almost the same areas once again to draw Confederate troops away from south of the James, where the Battle of Globe Tavern (also known as the Second Battle of the Weldon Railroad) was an attempt to cut the railroad supply lines to Petersburg. The second battle was also a Confederate victory, but it forced Lee to weaken his Petersburg defenses and abandon plans to reinforce his men in the Shenandoah Valley.[6]

In late September, Grant planned another dual offensive. Historians sometimes enumerate Grant’s offensives during the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign. Richard J. Sommers, John Horn, and Noah Andre Trudeau call these operations “Grant’s Fifth Offensive”.[7] Grant’s primary objective was to cut the railroad supply lines to the south of Petersburg, which would likely cause the fall of both Petersburg and Richmond. He planned to use a cavalry division under Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg and four infantry divisions from the V and IX Corps of the Army of the Potomac to sever the South Side Railroad, an operation that would result in the Battle of Peebles’ Farm from September 30 to October 2. Once again hoping to distract Robert E. Lee and draw Confederate troops north of the river, Grant ordered the Army of the James under Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler to attack toward Richmond.[8]

Butler devised a plan that historian John Horn called his “best performance of the war.”[9] Rather than repeat the efforts of July and August to turn the Confederate left, Butler planned surprise attacks on the Confederate right and center. His XVIII Corps under Maj. Gen. Edward O. C. Ord, would cross the James River to Aiken’s Landing by a newly constructed pontoon bridge. At the original Deep Bottom pontoon bridge, his X Corps under Maj. Gen. David B. Birney would cross, followed by his cavalry under Brig. Gen. August V. Kautz. In a two-pronged attack, the right wing (Birney’s X Corps, augmented by a United States Colored Troops division under Brig. Gen. Charles J. Paine from the XVIII Corps) would assault the Confederate lines at New Market Road and drive on to capture the artillery positions behind it on New Market Heights. This action would protect the flank of the left wing (the remainder of Ord’s XVIII Corps), which would attack Fort Harrison from the south-east, neutralizing the strongest point of the entire Confederate line. Then, the right wing would assist the left by attacking Fort Gregg and Fort Gilmer, both north of Fort Harrison. Kautz’s cavalry would exploit Birney’s capture of the New Market Road by driving for Richmond.[10]

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1803 – Mercator Cooper, American captain and explorer (d. 1872)
Mercator Cooper (September 29, 1803 – spring 1872) was a ship’s captain who is credited with the first formal American visit to Tokyo, Japan and the first formal landing on the mainland East Antarctica.

Both events occurred while sailing ships out of Sag Harbor, New York, where he was born.

Visit of the Manhattan to Tokyo
On November 9, 1843, Cooper left Sag Harbor as captain of the 440-ton ship Manhattan on a whaling voyage. On March 14–15, 1845 the Manhattan picked up 11 Japanese sailors[1] in the southern Japanese islands.[2]

Outside of Tokyo Bay four of the survivors took a Japanese boat with a message that Cooper wanted to deliver the remainder to the harbor.[3] The Japanese normally wanted to avoid contact with outsiders because of the Tokugawa Shogunate policy of Sakoku.

However, on April 18, 1845, an emissary from the shogun gave the ship permission to proceed – accompanied by “about three hundred Japanese boats with about 15 men in each took the ship in tow” according to Cooper’s log. “They took all our arms out to keep till we left. There were several of the nobility came on board to see the ship. They appeared very friendly.”

The Japanese examined his ship and took particular note of Pyrrhus Concer, a crewman from Southampton who was the only African American on board, and a Shinnecock Native American named Eleazar – the first dark skinned men the Japanese had seen and they wanted to touch their skin.

The Japanese refused payment for provisions and gave them water, 20 sacks of rice, two sacks of wheat, a box of flour, 11 sacks of sweet potatoes, 50 fowl, two cords of wood, radishes and 10 pounds of tea, thanked them for returning their sailors, and told them to never return.

On April 21, the 300 boats towed the Manhattan 20 miles out to sea.

Cooper took with him a map that charted the islands of Japan that had been found on the disabled Japanese ship. He was to turn the map over to the United States government when the ship returned to Sag Harbor on October 14, 1846. Matthew Perry was said to have used the map on his visit with four U.S. warships on July 8, 1853.

Cooper’s home in Southampton (village), New York is now owned by the Rogers Memorial Library. Pyrrhus Concer is buried in the North End Cemetery in Southampton across from Cooper’s home.

First visitor to Antarctica
In August 1851, Cooper again left Sag Harbor, this time as captain of the 382-ton ship Levant[4] on a mixed whaling and sealing voyage.[5] Making a quick passage through the belt of pack ice in the Ross Sea, on January 26, 1853, he sighted land, an ice shelf backed by a high mountain some 70 to 100 miles distant. The next morning, the ice shelf still in sight, with high mountains looming behind it, he sailed the ship close inshore and ordered a boat to be lowered. They made a landing on the ice shelf, reportedly seeing numerous penguins, but no seals – their chief objective. The landing occurred on what is now known as the Oates Coast of Victoria Land, in East Antarctica. It is arguably “the first adequately documented continental landing” in not only this area, but on the mainland of Antarctica itself. They stayed within sight of land for several days, sighting the Balleny Islands on February 2.[6][7][8] At the conclusion of the voyage the Levant was sold in China.

The logbook from the voyage is in the Long Island Room of the East Hampton Library in East Hampton (village), New York.

Cooper died in Barranquilla, Colombia, South America. His date of death is sometimes reported as March 23, 1872[9] or April 24, 1872.[10]

Emotional Labor
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By JasonTorchinsky: Lexus SUV Drives Over People Fighting In Street, No One Died But It’s All So Depressing
 
 
 
 
By GoBuildIdeas: Making a Vertical Wall From Plastic Bottles
https://youtu.be/dSIUGh5qP3U
 
 
 
 
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By Anika Burgess: The Unconventional Life of Mary Walker, the Only Woman to Have Received the U.S. Medal of Honor
To this day, Walker remains the only women to have received the Congressional Medal of Honor, the country’s highest award for wartime valor, although it did not come without controversy.
 
 
 
 

Photograph by @vanlife_ian_down_travels on Instagram

Van Life
 
 
 
 
By Gabriela Helfet: 5 incredible record libraries where you can listen for free
 
 
 
 

By Tish Wrigley: 13 extraordinary writers’ homes you can visit
 
 
 
 

By Adam Feil: Why Most Writers Fail
I like to compare writing to exercising. Almost everybody who exercises doesn’t become Mr. Olympia or a fitness model, but everybody who exercises benefits from it. In the same way, you’ll be very lucky if your writing ever brings you money or fame, but even so, you will still be better off for doing it.
 
 
 
 
By Gary Price: Today is: International Day for Universal Access to Information 2017
 
 
 
 
[slideshare id=72709946&doc=whathappenedin1929-170301192034]
 
 
 
 

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1791 – France becomes the first country to emancipate its Jewish population.
Jewish emancipation was the external (and internal) process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, e.g. Jewish quotas, to which Jewish people were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights on a communal, not merely individual, basis.[1][not in citation given] It included efforts within the community to integrate into their societies as citizens. It occurred gradually between the late 18th century and the early 20th century. Jewish emancipation followed the Age of Enlightenment and the concurrent Jewish enlightenment.[2] Various nations repealed or superseded previous discriminatory laws applied specifically against Jews where they resided. Before the emancipation, most Jews were isolated in residential areas from the rest of the society; emancipation was a major goal of European Jews of that time, who worked within their communities to achieve integration in the majority societies and broader education. Many became active politically and culturally within wider European civil society as Jews gained full citizenship. They emigrated to countries offering better social and economic opportunities, such as the Russian Empire and France. Some European Jews turned to Socialism, others to Jewish nationalism: Zionism.

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1819 – Narcís Monturiol, Spanish engineer and publisher (d. 1885)
Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol (Catalan pronunciation: [nərˈsiz muntuɾiˈɔɫ i əstəriˈɔɫ]; 28 September 1819 – 6 September 1885) was a Spanish artist and engineer. He was the inventor of the first air-independent and combustion-engine-driven submarine.

Biography
Monturiol i Estarriol was born in the city of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. He was the son of a cooper. Monturiol went to high school in Cervera and got a law degree in Modtoles in 1845. He solved the fundamental problems of underwater navigation. In effect, Monturiol invented the first fully functional engine-driven submarine.[1][2]

Monturiol never practiced law, instead turning his talents to writing and publishing, setting up a publishing company in 1846, the same year he married his wife Emilia. He produced a series of journals and pamphlets espousing his radical beliefs in feminism, pacifism, and utopian communism. He also founded the newspaper La Madre de Familia, in which he promised “to defend women from the tyranny of men” and La Fraternidad, Spain’s first communist newspaper.

Monturiol’s friendship with Abdó Terrades led him to join the Republican Party and his circle of friends included such names as musician Josep Anselm Clavé, and engineer and reformist Ildefons Cerdà. Monturiol also became an enthusiastic follower of the utopian thinker and socialist Étienne Cabet; he popularised Cabet’s ideas through La Fraternidad and produced a Spanish translation of his novel Voyage en Icarie. A circle formed round La Fraternidad raised enough money for one of them to travel to Cabet’s utopian community, Icaria.

Following the revolutions of 1848, one of his publications was suppressed by the government and he was forced into a brief exile in France. When he returned to Barcelona in 1849, the government curtailed his publishing activities, and he turned his attention to science and engineering instead.

A stay in Cadaqués allowed him to observe the dangerous job of coral harvesters where he even witnessed the death of a man who drowned while performing this job. This prompted him to think of submarine navigation and in September 1857 he went back to Barcelona and organized the first commercial society in Catalonia and Spain dedicated to the exploration of submarine navigation with the name of Monturiol, Font, Altadill y Cia. and a capital of 10,000 pesetas.

In 1858 Monturiol presented his project in a scientific thesis, titled The Ictineo or fish-ship. The first dive of his first submarine, Ictineo I, took place in September 1859 in the harbour of Barcelona.

Ictineo I
Main article: Ictineo I
Ictineo I was 7 m (23 ft) long with a beam of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) and draft of 3.5 m (11 ft). Her intended use was to ease the harvest of coral. It is likely she was inspired by the prototype Brandtaucher of Wilhelm Bauer, completed in 1851, as Monturiol studied all the available science of submersibles. Ictineo’s prow was equipped with a set of tools suited to the harvest of coral. During the summer of 1859, Monturiol performed more than 20 dives in Ictineo, with his business partner and shipbuilder as crew. Ictineo I possessed good handling, but her top speed was disappointing, as it was limited by the power of human muscles.

The technical success of this submersible created popular enthusiasm but no support from the government. As a result, Monturiol wrote a “letter to the nation”, asking the people of Spain to support his project. The fund raising was a great success, bringing in 300,000 pesetas from the people of Spain and Cuba.

Ictineo I was eventually destroyed by accident in January 1862, after completing some fifty dives, when a cargo vessel ran into her at her berth. With the money obtained from the subscription, the company La Navegación Submarina was formed with the objective of developing Ictineo II.

A modern replica of Ictineo I stands in the garden entrance to the Marine Museum in Barcelona.

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Farewell. Let the battle with his e$tate begin~
Hugh Marston Hefner (April 9, 1926 – September 27, 2017)

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That explains the format of the app: When teens open it, they can select a topic they’re wondering about–anything from acne to crushes to STIs–and a confessional story will unfold, text-message-style, explaining some common concerns around the issue; the app also tailors responses by gender identification, inclusive of transgender and gender non-binary teens. The Real Talk cofounders sourced these stories through their focus groups with teens, and many have contributed in response to an ad placed on Instagram in the leadup to the app’s launch.
 
 
 
 
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1941 – The SS Patrick Henry is launched becoming the first of more than 2,700 Liberty ships.
SS Patrick Henry was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at their Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland, and launched on 27 September 1941.[2][3]

Background
Liberty ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, September 27, 1941 was designated Liberty Fleet Day, and the first 14 “Emergency” vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with MC hull number 14) was Patrick Henry, launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[3] Other “Emergency” vessels launched that day, in various yards around the country included: SS John C. Fremont, SS Louise Lykes, SS Ocean Venture, SS Ocean Voice, SS Star of Oregon, and SS Steel Artisan.[4]

Launching
In the speech delivered at the launching, Roosevelt referred to Patrick Henry’s “Give me Liberty, or give me Death!” speech of 23 March 1775. Roosevelt said that this new class of ships would bring liberty to Europe, which gave rise to the name “Liberty ship”. Patrick Henry was sponsored by Ilo Browne Wallace, wife of Vice President Henry A. Wallace, with Mrs. Robert H. Jackson, wife of the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Madame Bruggmann, wife of the Minister of Switzerland Karl Bruggmann and sister of the vice president. Ilo Wallace christened the ship. The ship’s fitting was completed on December 30, 1941.[4]

Service history
Her maiden voyage was to the Middle East. During World War II she made 12 voyages to ports including Murmansk (as part of Convoy PQ 18[5]), Trinidad, Cape Town, Naples, and Dakar.[4]

She survived the war, but was seriously damaged when she went aground on a reef off the coast of Florida in July 1946. The ship was laid up at Mobile, Alabama, and was scrapped at Baltimore in 1958.[6][7]

1818 – Hermann Kolbe, German chemist and academic (d. 1884)
Hermann Kolbe (Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, 27 September 1818 – 25 November 1884), was a seminal contributor in the birth of modern organic chemistry. He was a Professor at Marburg and Leipzig. Kolbe coined the term synthesis and contributed to the philosophical demise of vitalism through synthesis of the organic substance acetic acid from carbon disulfide, and also contributed to the development of structural theory. This was done via modifications to the idea of “radicals” and accurate prediction of the existence of secondary and tertiary alcohols, and to the emerging array of organic reactions through his Kolbe electrolysis of carboxylate salts, the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction in the preparation of aspirin and the Kolbe nitrile synthesis. After studies with Wöhler and Bunsen, Kolbe was involved with the early internationalization of chemistry through overseas work in London (with Frankland), and rose through the ranks of his field to edit the Journal für Praktische Chemie. As such, he was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences won the Royal Society of London’s Davy Medal in the year of his death. Despite these accomplishments and his training, by a storied next generation of chemists (including Zaitsev, Curtius, Beckmann, Graebe, Markovnikov, etc.), Kolbe is remembered for editing the Journal for more than a decade, where his rejection of Kekulé’s structure of benzene, van’t Hoff’s theory on the origin of chirality and von Baeyer’s reforms of nomenclature were personally critical and linguistically violent. Kolbe died of a heart attack in Leipzig at age 68, six years after the death of his wife, Charlotte. He was survived by four children.

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Logo Crunch
Logo Crunch is a multi-resolution logo maker, it uses computer vision to make your high-res logo legible at lower resolutions. Use it for a website favicon, iOS app icon or Android app icon.
 
 
 
 
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Concise:
“Fu@@ you, UN, you can’t even solve the Middle East carnage . . . shut up all of you.” –Filipino president Rodrigo Duterte to the United Nations
 
 
 
 
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Life in the fast lane.
Courtesy of Vector’s World

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1969 – Abbey Road, the last recorded album by The Beatles, is released.
Abbey Road is the eleventh studio album by English rock band the Beatles, released on 26 September 1969 by Apple Records. The recording sessions for the album were the last in which all four Beatles participated. Although Let It Be was the final album that the Beatles completed before the band’s dissolution in April 1970, most of the album had been recorded before the Abbey Road sessions began.[1] A double A-side single from the album, “Something”/”Come Together”, released in October, topped the Billboard chart in the US.

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1774 – Johnny Appleseed, American gardener and environmentalist (d. 1845)
John Chapman (September 26, 1774 – March 18, 1845), called Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ontario, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, as well as the northern counties of present-day West Virginia. He became an American legend while still alive, due to his kind, generous ways, his leadership in conservation, and the symbolic importance he attributed to apples. He was also a missionary for The New Church (Swedenborgian)[1] and the inspiration for many museums and historical sites such as the Johnny Appleseed Museum[2] in Urbana, Ohio, and the Johnny Appleseed Heritage Center[3] in between Lucas, Ohio, and Mifflin, Ohio. The TinCaps, a minor league baseball team in Fort Wayne, Indiana, which is where Chapman spent his final years, is named in his honor.[4]

Family
John Chapman was born on September 26, 1774, in Leominster, Massachusetts,[5] the second child (after his sister Elizabeth) of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Chapman (née Simonds, married February 8, 1770) of Massachusetts. His birthplace has a granite marker, and the street is called Johnny Appleseed Lane.

While Nathaniel was in military service, his wife died (July 18, 1776) shortly after giving birth to a second son, Nathaniel. The baby died about two weeks after his mother. Nathaniel Chapman ended his military service and returned home in 1780 to Longmeadow, Massachusetts. In the summer of 1780 he married Lucy Cooley of Longmeadow, Massachusetts, and they had 10 children.[1][6]

According to some accounts, an 18-year-old John persuaded his 11-year-old half-brother Nathaniel to go west with him in 1792. The duo apparently lived a nomadic life until their father brought his large family west in 1805 and met up with them in Ohio. The younger Nathaniel decided to stay and help their father farm the land.

Shortly after the brothers parted ways, John began his apprenticeship as an orchardist under a Mr. Crawford, who had apple orchards, thus inspiring his life’s journey of planting apple trees.[7]

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1906 – In the presence of the king and before a great crowd, Leonardo Torres y Quevedo successfully demonstrates the invention of the Telekino in the port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore, in what is considered the birth of the remote control.

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Radio control: the Telekino
In 1903, Torres presented the Telekino at the Paris Academy of Science, accompanied by a brief, and making an experimental demonstration. In the same year, he obtained a patent in France, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States. The Telekino consisted of a robot that executed commands transmitted by electromagnetic waves. It constituted the world’s second publicly demonstrated apparatus for radio control, after Nikola Tesla’s Patented “Teleautomaton”, and was a pioneer in the field of remote control. In 1906, in the presence of the king and before a great crowd, Torres successfully demonstrated the invention in the port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore. Later, he would try to apply the Telekino to projectiles and torpedoes but had to abandon the project for lack of financing. In 2007, the prestigious Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) dedicated a Milestone in Electrical Engineering and Computing[6] to the Telekino, based on the research work developed at Technical University of Madrid by Prof. Antonio Pérez Yuste, who was the driving force behind the Milestone nomination.

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1764 – Fletcher Christian, English sailor (d. 1793)
Fletcher Christian (25 September 1764 – 20 September 1793) was master’s mate on board HMS Bounty during Lieutenant William Bligh’s voyage to Tahiti for breadfruit plants. In the mutiny on the Bounty, Christian seized command of the ship from Bligh on 28 April 1789.[1]

Early life
Christian was born on 25 September 1764, at his family home of Moorland Close, Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland, England. Fletcher’s father’s side had originated from the Isle of Man and most of his paternal great-grandfathers were historic Deemsters, their original family surname McCrystyn.

Fletcher was the brother to Edward and Humphrey, being the three sons of Charles Christian of Moorland Close and of the large Ewanrigg Hall estate in Dearham, Cumberland, an attorney-at-law descended from Manx gentry, and his wife Ann Dixon.[2][3]

Charles’s marriage to Ann brought with it the small property of Moorland Close, “a quadrangle pile of buildings … half castle, half farmstead.” The property can be seen to the north of the Cockermouth to Egremont A5086 road.[4] Charles died in 1768 when Fletcher was not yet four. Ann proved herself grossly irresponsible with money. By 1779, when Fletcher was fifteen, Ann had run up a debt of nearly £6,500 (equal to £787,835 today),[4] and faced the prospect of debtors’ prison. Moorland Close was lost and Ann and her three younger children were forced to flee to the Isle of Man, to their relative’s estate, where English creditors had no power.

The three elder Christian sons managed to arrange a £40 (equal to £4,848 today) per year annuity for their mother, allowing the family to live in genteel poverty. Christian spent seven years at the Cockermouth Free School from the age of nine. One of his younger contemporaries there was Cockermouth native William Wordsworth. It is commonly misconceived that the two were ‘school friends’; Christian was six years the senior of the future Poet Laureate. His mother Ann died on the Isle of Man in 1819.[5]

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Ruffwear Float Coat for Dogs

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1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation’s first National Monument.
Devils Tower (also Bear Lodge Butte[5]) is a laccolithic butte composed of igneous rock in the Bear Lodge Mountains (part of the Black Hills) near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, above the Belle Fourche River. It rises dramatically 1,267 feet (386 m) above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 feet (265 m) from summit to base. The summit is 5,112 feet (1,559 m) above sea level.

Devils Tower was the first declared United States National Monument, established on September 24, 1906, by President Theodore Roosevelt. The monument’s boundary encloses an area of 1,347 acres (545 ha).

In recent years, about 1% of the monument’s 400,000 annual visitors climbed Devils Tower, mostly using traditional climbing techniques.[6]

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1898 – Charlotte Moore Sitterly, American astronomer (d. 1990)
Charlotte Emma Moore Sitterly (September 24, 1898 – March 3, 1990) was an American astronomer.[1] She is known for her extensive spectroscopic studies of the Sun and chemical elements. Her tables of data are known for their reliability and still used regularly.[2]

Early life and education
Charlotte Moore was born to George W. and Elizabeth Walton Moore in Ercildoun, Pennsylvania, a small village near Coatesville. Her father was the Superintendent of Schools for Chester County and her mother was a schoolteacher. Her parents were Quakers and Charlotte was a lifelong member of Fallowfield Friends Meeting.[3]

She attended Swarthmore College, where she participated in many extracurricular activities such as ice hockey, student government, glee club, and tutoring. In order to pay her tuition, Moore was a substitute teacher.[3] She graduated from Swarthmore in 1920 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics and went on to Princeton to work as a human computer.[4]

Career
On the recommendation of her mathematics professor at Swarthmore, Moore obtained a job at the Princeton University Observatory working for Professor Henry Norris Russell as a human computer carrying out calculations needed to use photographic plates in determining the position of the Moon.[5] Over time, while working for Russell, Moore’s interest in astrophysics began to blossom. Russell and Moore researched binary stars and stellar mass, and published extensively on the subject over the years of their collaboration.[6] Her research included an effort to classify 2500 stars based on their spectra.[7]

After five years at Princeton, as part of an ongoing collaboration between Russell and research groups there, she moved to the Mount Wilson Observatory where she worked extensively on solar spectroscopy, analyzing the spectral lines of the Sun and thereby identifying the chemical elements in the Sun. With her collaborators, she analyzed the spectra of sunspots.[6] Her pictures from the Mount Wilson Observatory helped redetermine the new International Angstrom scale. She earned a Ph.D. in astronomy in 1931 from the University of California, Berkeley on a Lick Fellowship; she was not able to study at Princeton because they did not accept women – and would not for the next 30 years.[4][5] While working on her Ph.D, she continued researching spectroscopy and collected and analyzed data about the spectra of chemical elements and molecules. After obtaining her Ph.D, she returned to Princeton to continue work with Russell as a research assistant.[4]

One of her most significant contributions to physics was her identification of technetium in sunlight, the first example of technetium naturally existing. She joined the then National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1945.[8] Her tables of atomic spectra and energy levels, published by NBS, have remained essential references in spectroscopy for decades. While there, she began to research the infrared solar spectrum and atomic energy levels.[5] Later in her life, it became possible to launch instruments on rockets and she extended her work to the ultraviolet spectral lines.[9]

In 1949 she became the first woman elected as an associate of the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain, in honor of her work on multiplet tablets and in identifying solar spot electra. Throughout her career she authored and co-authored over 100 papers and attended the tenth general assembly of the International Astronomical Union on the Joint Commission on Spectroscopy in Moscow in 1958.[4] Sitterly retired from her position at the NBS when she turned 70, in 1968, but continued her research at the Naval Research Laboratory.[9] Sitterly was honored by the Journal of the Optical Society of America by a commemorative issue in 1988.[10]
Personal life

During her second stay at Princeton, she met and married, on May 30, 1937, Bancroft W. Sitterly, who became a physics professor. She continued to publish journals under her maiden name because most of her recognition was under that name. She believed that traveling is one of the most important aspects of a scientist’s life, as it promotes collaboration between scientists. She enjoyed gardening, traveling, and music with her husband until his death in 1977. She continued her research until her death from heart failure at the age of 91.[4]

Honors
Awards
Annie J. Cannon Award (1937)[6]
Federal Woman’s Award (1961)
William F. Meggers Award of the Optical Society of America (1972)[6]
Bruce Medal (1990)[6]

Service
Vice President, American Astronomical Society
Vice President, American Association for the Advancement of Science Section D
President, Commission on Fundamental Spectroscopic Data, International Astronomical Union

Named after her
Asteroid 2110 Moore-Sitterly

Works
A Multiplet Table of Astrophysical Interest, 1933
The Solar Spectrum (with Harold D. Babcock), 1947
The Masses of the Stars (with Henry Norris Russell), 1940
Ultraviolet Multiplet Table, 1950
Atomic Energy Levels as Derived from the Analyses of Optical Spectra, 1958

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https://youtu.be/XEPanglcJWk

 
 
 
 
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1889 – Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.

Skipped to:
Nintendo was founded as a card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889.[8] Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed a playing card game called “Hanafuda”. The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand.[9] In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd.[b], doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan. Nintendo continues to manufacture playing cards in Japan[10] and organizes its own contract bridge tournament called the “Nintendo Cup”.[11] The word Nintendo can be translated as “leave luck to heaven”, or alternatively as “the temple of free hanafuda”.[12][13]

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1931 – Hilly Kristal, American businessman, founded CBGB (d. 2007)
Hilly Kristal (born Hillel Kristal[1]; September 23, 1931[2] – August 28, 2007) was an American club owner and musician who was the owner of the iconic New York City club, CBGB, which opened in 1973 and closed in 2006 over a rent dispute.[3]

Early years
Kristal was born in New York, New York in 1931 but his family moved to Hightstown, New Jersey when he was an infant.[4][5] He studied music from a young age and eventually attended the Settlement Music School in Philadelphia. Kristal also spent a period of time in the Marines.[5]

Venturing into music
He moved back to New York City, where he worked as a singer, appearing on stage in the men’s choral group at Radio City Music Hall. He later became the manager of the Village Vanguard, a jazz club in Greenwich Village, where he booked Miles Davis and other musicians.

He married in 1951 and had two children: Lisa Kristal Burgman and Mark Dana Kristal.[6]

In 1966 he and Ron Delsener co-founded the Rheingold Central Park Music Festival, sponsored by Rheingold Beer. By 1968, Delsener had changed beer sponsors to Schaefer and Kristal was no longer involved. The festival took place every year until 1976 in Central Park and featured superstars from all music genres, including Miles Davis, the Who, Chuck Berry, Bob Marley, B.B. King, Led Zeppelin, the Beach Boys, Frank Zappa, Ray Charles, Patti LaBelle, Ike & Tina Turner, Fleetwood Mac, the Allman Brothers, Slade, Kris Kristofferson, Curtis Mayfield, Bruce Springsteen, Aerosmith and the Doors.

CBGB
In 1970, Kristal opened a bar in the Bowery section of New York called “Hilly’s on the Bowery”, which closed within a couple of years. Then in December 1973, he created “CBGB and OMFUG”, an abbreviation for the kinds of music he intended to feature there (the letters stood for “Country, BlueGrass, Blues and Other Music For Uplifting Gormandizers”).[6] The club, eventually called simply CBGB, became known as the starting point for the careers of such punk rock and new wave acts as the Ramones, Talking Heads, Patti Smith, Television and Blondie.

CBGB featured many famous musicians over the years and remained very popular until its closing in 2006 due to a personal disagreement with the landlord, who opted not to renew the lease. For a short while after the closing, Kristal considered moving the club to Las Vegas.[7]

Death
Kristal died on August 28, 2007 from complications of lung cancer, aged 75.[6]

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1711 – The Tuscarora War begins in present-day North Carolina.
The Tuscarora War was fought in North Carolina from September 22, 1711 until February 11, 1715 between the British, Dutch, and German settlers and the Tuscarora Native Americans. The Europeans enlisted the Yamasee and Cherokee as Indian allies against the Tuscarora, who had amassed several allies themselves. This was considered the bloodiest colonial war in North Carolina.[1] Defeated, the Tuscarora signed a treaty with colonial officials in 1718 and settled on a reserved tract of land in what became Bertie County.

The first successful and permanent settlement of North Carolina by Europeans began in earnest in 1653. The Tuscarora lived in peace with the European settlers who arrived in North Carolina for over 50 years at a time when nearly every other colony in America was actively involved in some form of conflict with Native Americans. However, the settlers increasingly encroached on Tuscarora land, raided villages to take slaves, and introduced epidemic diseases. After their defeat, most of the Tuscarora migrated north to New York where they joined their Iroquoian cousins, the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. They were accepted as the sixth nation. Their chief said that Tuscarora remaining in the South after 1722 were no longer members of the tribe.

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1515 – Anne of Cleves (d. 1557)
Anne of Cleves (German: Anna von Kleve; 22 September 1515 – 16 July 1557)[1] was Queen of England from 6 January to 9 July 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII.[1] The marriage was declared never consummated and, as a result, she was not crowned queen consort. Following the annulment, she was given a generous settlement by the King, and thereafter referred to as the King’s Beloved Sister.[2][3] She lived to see the coronation of Queen Mary I, outliving the rest of Henry’s wives.[4]

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